For industrial companies producing wastewater as part of its process, some type of wastewater treatment system is usually necessary to ensure safety precautions and discharge regulations are met. The most appropriate industrial wastewater treatment system will help the facility avoid harming the environment, human health, and a facility’s process or products (especially if the wastewater is being reused). It will also help the facility curb heavy fines and possible legal action if wastewater is being improperly discharged into a POTW (publicly owned treatment works)

Wastewater treatment is a process, which is used to convert wastewater into a useful effluent (with no negligible health and environmental issues), which is then returned back to the water-cycle or in other words, it can be reused.

Different Industries with different processes land up at different waste /wash stream/effluent characterized by the TDS, COD, BOD, Turbidity and thus the treatment scheme for each also varies. The design of a comprehensive recycling system is Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) situation where the final evaporated and dried solids. It is a combination of membrane/non-membrane biological processes viz. UF pre-treatment followed by pre-concentration by RO and then the evaporator. As we go down the treatment scheme, the capital costs, as well as operating costs, increase exponentially–evaporation being the most expensive. The versatility of membrane technology and the ranges of separation gives the flexibility to achieve the maximum efficiency and reduce operating cost not only for membrane parts but by bringing down overall load.